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No. 6|7,29l. Patented lan. 3, |899. W. R. JEAVUNS.

BURNER.

(Application filed Oct. 17, 1896.)

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No. 6I7,29I. Patented Jan. 3, |899. W. E. JEAVUNS.

BURNER.

(Application led Oct. 17, 1896.) (No Model.) Sheets-Sheet 2.

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No. 6l7,29|. Patented lan. 3, |899.

. W. R. JEAVUNS.

BURNER.

(Application filed Oct. 17, 1896.)

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

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`Nrrnn rares WILLIAM R. JEAVONS, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE UNITED BLUE FLAME STOVE COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 617,291, dated January 3, 1899i. Application iiled October 17, 1896. Serial No. 609,220. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom, it may concern:

Beit known that LWILLIAM R. JnAvoNs, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Burners; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates generally to the class of burners in which combustion occurs in a chamber formed by perforated Walls, and particularly to the form of burner shown in United States patent to J. A. Lannert and myself, No. 570,854, dated November 3, 1896.

The object of this invention is to provide a simple, safe, and eflicient burner for household and other uses and in which by reason of certain novel features of construction a high efficiency is obtained with small consumption of oil.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure lis a side elevation of my improved burner. Fig. 2 is a vertical central cross-section thereof on line 2 2, Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a vertical central cross-section on a line corresponding to 3 3, Fig. 2. Fig. 4L is a plan View looking down from line 4 4, Fig. 3, and disclosing especially the form of the combustion-chambers. Fig. 5 is Va perspective View of an ad j ustable spring-clamp and stop for the valve-stem. Fig. 6 is a plan view of the castings or parts constituting what I term the vaporizers, and Fig. 7 is an end View of said parts. Fig. 8 is a longitudinal sectional elevation on line 8 8, Figs. 6 and 7. Fig. 9 is a cross-section of the upper member of the vaporizers shown in Figs. 6, 7, and 8 and taken on a line corresponding to line 9 10, Fig. 8; and Fig. 10 is a cross-section of the lower member of the vaporizers on the same line as Fig. 9.

In the several figures, Ais the oil-reservoir, which may be of a size to supply two or more burners. The Wicktubes a a are usecured to the reservoir in any suitable manner and are provided with spur-wheels for operating the wick on spindles a in the usual manner. On each spindle is an adjustable spring-metal clamp C, which turns with the spindle and engages with the stop c to limit the movement of the wick and secured by screw c. In ordinary usage when the clamp C engages the stop c the motion` of the spindle is arrested; butif by reason of the wick `having been trimmed orshortened by burning it requires raising higher than the clamp and stop allow the clamp will yield frictionally on the spindie by the application of something more than the ordinary force to turn it, and in this way 6o the wick can be turned up to any point desired. This new position of the clamp will then become the permanent stopping-place until another kindred change is made. The screw c' is therefore used only to primarily 65 give such tension to the spring of the clamp as to produce a desirable grip or friction be tween the clamping portion and the spindle, and this is its main purpose.

D D are the vaporizers, arranged to rest at 7o or near the top of wick-tubes, and in this case said vaporizers are shaped at their top to form seats for the combustion-tubes E E and have a lateral flange d extending from about said seats and forming a bottom for the air-chamber F within drum or casing F. The two vaporizers, together with the outward fianges d, are cast in two pieces-that is, the parts indicated by l l ll l, Fig. 2, are cast in one piece or section and the parts2 2 cl2 in an- 8o other and separate section. These two sections are then bolted `together, as shown in Fig. 3, by bolts and nuts G g.

It is difficult to make a long and narrow walled passage with cast metal, which metal is especially desirable for the vaporizer parts; but by making the vaporizers in two sections, as described, each section carrying one side of the wick-passage, not only is the difliculty of manufacture removed, but the passage- 9o walls are exposed for cleaning and smoothing in the process of manufacture. Then, again, after long, use of the burner the sections may be separated to give easy access to all points for cleaning. i

The vaporizersrest on and are supported by the wick-tubes at small points of contact at their ends, as shown in Fig. 1 and 3, thus leaving the main portion of the vaporizers out of contact with the wick-tubes. This arroo rangement practically prevents the downward conduction of heat from the body of the vaporizers in the operation of the device andV the upward crawling of the oil over the burner parts while the burner is idle. A downward projection d CZ', Fig. l, from each end of the vaporizer to engage the ends of the wick-tube secures it against end or side movement, while the transverse downwardprojecting web d2, which is integral with and carries the two inner walls of the two wickpassages, is made with tapering or rounded edges to extend below the said passages. This web, then, serves as a guide to bring the vaporizer into proper relation to the wick-tubes when being replaced after removal for cleaning, &c. By means of guides, as described, the alinement of the vaporizer-passages with the passages in the wick-tubes is assured, especially as the wick-tubes of this class are iiexible to a certain degree and may be crowded by such guides into proper position. Then to give the vaporizer parts stability and to prevent tilting or tipping I provide the tubes or sleeves H, Figs. 2 and 3. The bolts G G, which serve to fasten the sections of the vaporizer together, extend down into the sleeves, as shown, and effectually prevent the vaporizer from tilting. An opening 77. permits the escape of dirt or foreign matter that may get into the tube Il.l

Above the vaporizer is the frame J, hinged thereto by loose hingej and providing a seat for the drum or casing F. Bolts K K connect frame .l and casting 7c, which surmounts drum F, and serve to bind said parts together upon said drum, said parts forming an air-chamber F about the combustion-tubes. The top casting or plate K projects over this airchamber to partially close it and leaves a contracted opening adjacent to the outer side of each combustion tube, through which heated air from the chamber F may pass to the flame issuing from the combustion-tubes. The plate K is also provided with a central portion L on a somewhat lower plane, which rests between the two combustion-tubes, Figs. 2 and 3, and serves to retard the upward flow of air. This portion L is solnewhat narrower than the space between the two tubes to permit some air to pass by it, and at its ends where it connects with the main plate K it is made quite narrow to permit a larger volu me of air to pass out adjacent to the ends of the combustion-tubes. By this arrangement the air supplied to the chamber above L passes in close proximity to the perforated walls and tends to exert a cooling influence on said walls at this point, which not only contributes to a greater durability of the parts, but furnishes more favorable conditions within the combustion-chamber for the evolution and combustion of the gases. This plate L, instead of being narrow to pass air at its sides, may be wider and have openings through it for the passage of air. l

The combustion-tubes E E are supported by a rod M, which passes through holes in the casing F and the said tubes and extends through from side to side of said part-s. This rod has one end bent to rest against the side of the casing and is retained in place by means of the overhanging cleat or catch m, which engages said bent portion.

The holes in the combustion-tubes for the rod M are so arranged that when the tubes are seated in the vaporizer the frame J is supported a slight distance above the iiange d. This in effect brings the weight of the frame-casing and upper parts on the combustion-tubes to hold them rmly in their seats. The combustion-tubes being supported centrally on rod M have a slight rocking movement and may adjust themselves to any inequalities in the seats, which conditions might arise by dirt accumulation or other causes. In this form of burner it is also desirable to maintain a proper spacing of the walls of the combustion-chamber, and hence to guard against warpage by unequal heating, dac., the spacers e e are provided. These spacers are of heavy sheet metal and are formed with a shoulder and a projection or tongue at each end. Suitable holes are made in the opposite sides of the chamber for the passage of these tongues. The chamberwalls may be temporarily sprung wide enough to permit their insertion, after which the portion of the tongues projecting through the walls is clenched.

At the top of the combustion-tubes is the web or cap N, which spans over the space between the two tubes. This cap has a number of holes for the passage of air and also has a portion at its ends cut away at a', Figs, 1 and 3, to pass a greater Volume of air through at these points. The partition L in the space below this web or cap N restricts and. modifies the iiow of air passing through the interior of the burner, and the cap serves to distribute this restricted volume of air, as described.

The inner wall of each combustion-tube is bent at its top to form a groove with a lateral opening. The cap N is formed with inwardlyprojecting .flanges adapted to slide into these grooves, which arrangement, while permitting the combustion-tubes to move su flicientlyon the rod to adjust themselves to their seats, closes the joints against the lateral passage of air. Below the cap N the inner wall of the combustion -tube is imperforate for a short distance, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. This seems to induce an increased combustion at the perforations in the other wall opposite this point and lengthens and improves the character of the flame issuing from the tube.

In Fig. 2 it will also be observed that the inner walls of the combustion -tubes have fewer perforations than the outer wall.

Ordinarily with tubes perforated alike a relatively greater volume of air passes through the upper perforations of the inner tube than through the lower ones. With the inner tube having less perforations or a rela- IOO IIO

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`not be thoroughly understood by me.

tively less inlet area than the outer tube a more generally uniform inflow of air occurs throughout all the perforations of the inner tube, and thus the tube does not become so excessively heated at certain points, but such heat is distributed throughout the tube,whicl1 contributes to more uniform temperature about the wick and imparts a more desirable character to the flame, and such uniform heating contributes lto the durability of the parts. The physical or chemical action on the gases induced by the unequal perforations on opposite sides of the chamber may lt is thought, however, that such differing walls induce differing chemical action, as Well as a differing physical movementof the gases evolving in the chamber from what occurs Where the walls are perforated alike, and that the increased difference in temperature of the outer and inner wall, caused primarily by the differing perforations, greatly favors the conversion of vapor into carbonic oxid, and the unequal air-supply together with the unequal heating of the gases, induces in them a physical motion that tends to more intimate mixture and uniformity. i In combustion-chambers of this class where a iiat wick is used it is desirable to supply less air to the ends than to the sides of the flame within the chamber. To this end each combustion-chamber is made in two-pieces, the end of one piece being bent sufficiently to serve as a spacer for the other wall, while the end of the other wall laps around the rst bent wall to make two thicknesses about the end. In practice this arrangement is found to diminish the suppl-y of air through the ends of the tube so formed, as by reason of a non-alinement of the perforations in the two pieces, and even where some do happen to aline, less air passes through the two thicknesses than would through one thickness by reason of greater resistance in the longer passage. Also by this method of lapping one wall over the other the two Walls are held in proper relation without other special means of fastening. The outer wall of each combustion-tube is flared outwardly at e', as shown in Fig. 2. This flared portion, by reason of its tendency to induce au eddy or partial vacuum immediately above it, causes the liaine to spread out wider as it issues from the combustion-chainber than it would do if the flared portion were not there.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. In the burner described, the wick-tube, the vaporizer having a wick-passage and provided with projections engaging said wicktube, and serving to keep the wick-passage in alinement with the said tube, substantially as described.

2. The wick-tube, and the vaporizer having a passage for the wick and projections adapted to guide the vaporizer to its position above said tube, substantially as described.

cast in a separate section, and burner parts `connected with said vaporizer, substantially as described. y

5. The wick-tube,the combustion-tube over the wick-tube and a seat for supporting the same, a pivot-rod projecting through the com-V in said space constructed to permit of an upward iiow of air at its margin and in position to direct the passing air against the sides of the combustion-tubes, substantially as described. f

7. In a vapor-burner, the perforated combustion-tubes arranged in proximity to each other and side by side, with a space between them and an air-checking plate or partition in said space, a casing forming an air-chamber about said tubes and supporting the said airchecking plate in position, substantially as described.

8. ln a vapor-burner the perforated combustion-tubes arranged side by side with a space between them, a casing about said tubes provided withaI plate having a central portion extending into said space to steady and space the said combustion-tubes laterally, substantially as described.

9. In a vapor-burner two combustion-tubes having substantially parallel perforated sides arranged in proximity to each other with a space between and a plate at the upper portion of said tubes having a central portion extending into said space to form an air-checking partition and adapted to steady the said tubes against lateral displacement, substantially as described.

. lO. In a burner two perforated tubes in proximity to each other with an air-space between them, a web or cap extending from one tube to the other, and a partition in the space below said cap constructed to permit of an upward flow of air at its margin and forming with said cap an air-chamber between the upper ends of the combustion-tubes, substantially as described.

ll. In a burner, two perforated combustiontubes in proximity to each other and having an air-space between them, a web or cap extending from`one tube to the other over said space, and a partition in the said space below said cap and forming with it an air-chamber IOO .IOS i IIO at the upper ends of the combustion-tubes, said air-chamber having an opening at its bottom to permit a limited volume of air to pass into said chamber, and an opening at the ends of said cap for the escape of air from said chamber, substantially as described.

12. Two combustion tubes arranged in proximity to each other and the inner wall of each tube, respectively, provided with a lat-eral groove, and the cap having flanges to engage said grooves to hold it in position, substantially as described.

13. Two perforated combustion-tubes arranged side by side and having an air-space between them, a web or cap spanning said space, and outlets at the ends of the cap for the passage of air from the said space between the combustion-tubes, substantially as described.

14. In a burner, two perforated walls forming opposite sides of a combustion-chamber, the perforated area of one wall having relatively less opening area than a like perforated area of the other wall, a similar combustionchamber arranged in proximity and having its perforated walls in symmetrical correspondence to said first-described combustionchamber and forming therewith an air-chamber centrally within the burner, substantially as described.

15. A combustion-tube formed of two walls perforated from end to end, the end of one Wall bent t-o form a stay for the other wall and the said other wall having its end formed to embrace said stay, substantially as described.

16. In a vapor-burner, two combustiontubes arranged in proximity to each other, the perforated area of the inner walls of the said combustion-tubes havi n ga relatively less opening area than a like perforated area of the outer walls of said tubes, substantially as described.

17. In a vapor-burner two combustiontubes arranged in proximity to each other, the perforated area of the inner walls having a relatively less opening area than a like perforated area of the outer Walls, and an imperforate area at the upper end of the said inner Walls, substantially as described.

18. In a burner, a wick-tube, an outside casing, a perforated combustion-tube within said casing and pivotally supporting said casing, and means for supporting the combustion-tube above the wick-tube, substantially as described.

19. In a vapor-burner the combination of a combustion chamber or chambers composed of perforated walls constructed and arranged to form opposite sides of a burner and having an air-chamber in the interior thereof and the inner perforated wall or walls having relatively less opening area than alike perforated area of the outer wall or walls, substantially as described.

20. In a vapor-burner, the combination of a combustion chamber or chambers composed of inner and outer perforated walls constructed and arranged to form opposite sides of a burner and having` an air-chamberin the interior thereof and one perforated wall or set of perforated walls constructed so as to admit more air into the combustion-chamber than is admissible through the other perforated Wall or set of perforated walls, substantially 75 as described.

21. In a vapor-burner, the combination of a combustion chamber or chambers composed of inner and outer perforated walls constructed and arranged to form opposite sides of a burner and having an air-chamber in the interior thereof and one perforated wall or set o f perforated walls constructed so as to admit more air into the combustion-chamber than is admissible through the other perforated wall or set of perforated walls and one of said walls or sets of walls imperforate at the upper end or ends, substantially as described.

22. In a vapor-burner the combination of a combustion chamber or chambers composed of perforated walls constructed and arranged to form opposite sides of a burner and having an air-chamber in the interior thereof, a plate or partition situated within said air-chamber and constructed and arranged to provide air- 95 passages between it and the inner wall or walls of the combustion chamber or chambers, said plate or partition adapted to restrict the flow of air to the upper part of the air-chamber and to deflect a portion of the air through the roo perforations of said inner wall or Walls below said plate or partition, substantially as described.

23. In a vapor-burner the combination of a combustion chamber or chambers composed 105 of perforated walls constructed and arranged to form opposite sides of aburner and having an air-chamber inthe interior thereof, a web or cap over said air-chamber, a plate or partition situated within said air-chamber below I 1o said cap and constructed and arranged to provide an air passage or passages between it and the inner wall or walls of the combustion chamber or chambers, said plate or partit-ion adapted to restrict the flow of air to the upper 1 15 part of the air-chamber and to deflect a portion of the air through the perforations of the inner wall or walls below said plate or partition, substantially as described.

Witness my hand to the foregoing specifi- 12o cation this 10th day of October, 1896.

WILLIAM R. JEAVONS.

WVitnesses:

1-1. T. FISHER, R. B. MOSER. 

